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    • 专利摘要:
    energy storage system, method for energy storage at utility scale and method for auxiliary services at utility scale it is a potential energy storage system that incorporates multiple transfer units mounted on rails (22) that have railway motion tricks (76) of engine / generator (102) and structure (88, 90) with an integral transfer mechanism (80, 86, 87) for removable conveyor masses of energy storage from a first storage yard lower elevation (12) to a second upper elevation storage yard (10) using excess energy from the electric grid that drives the motors, removing the masses in the second storage yard for energy storage, recovering the masses and returning the masses from the second storage yard to the first storage yard, recovering electricity through generators.
    公开号:BR112012002886B1
    申请号:R112012002886-3
    申请日:2010-08-08
    公开日:2020-09-29
    发明作者:William R. Peitzke；Matthew B. Brown；William L. Erdman；Robert T. Scott；William H. Moorhead；Douglas C. Blodgett；David I. Scott
    申请人:Advanced Rail Energy Storage, Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
    [001] The present application claims the priority of provisional US patent application serial number 61 / 233,052 filed on 8/11/2009 by William R. Peitzke and Matt Brown, entitled UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE SYSTEM , whose quotation is hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND Field
    [002] The present invention relates in general to the storage and generation of electrical energy. More particularly, the present invention provides a system for storing popular energy by employing electrically driven tracks (one set is defined herein as multiple train wagon elements) carrying loadable masses between lower and upper storage facilities for the storage of potential energy through the use of electricity from the electrical network to the assembly for the transportation of the masses from the storage facility below the upper one and the recovery of potential energy and the return to the electrical network through the electromagnetic regenerative braking of the assembly during the transportation of the mass from the upper to the lower storage facility with auxiliary support including variable and reactive energy support and up and down regulation of leveling capacity. Related technique
    [003] The electric power network is becoming increasingly complex and the combination of the source of power generation with the use of energy is a critical element in maintaining stability in operation. This issue is becoming more complicated with the addition of alternative energy generation sources such as wind and solar energy, which have inherent problems with consistent energy production. The need for energy storage on the utility scale as a part of the power supply network is driven by the increasing requirements for daily load changes and power quality services including frequency regulation, voltage control, power reserve spin, the non-spin reserve and the black match. It is currently estimated that the energy storage power requirements in the United States will approach 200,000 MW for switching loads and will exceed 20,000 MW for power quality service.
    [004] Electric energy storage can be performed using battery technologies, capacitor storage systems, kinetic energy storage systems, such as flywheels or potential energy storage systems. Battery technology for lithium-ion batteries, flux batteries and rechargeable sodium-sulfur (NaS) batteries is improving, but will typically provide the estimated capacity only in the range of 50 MW or less. Similarly, capacitive storage systems in the reasonable range provide only between 1 and 10 MW of capacity. Flywheel storage systems are also typically limited to less than 20 MW due to physical size and structural material restrictions.
    [005] Conventional potential energy storage devices consist of mechanical lifting devices that lift weights against the force of gravity and Pumped Hydro, a method that stores energy in the form of water pumped upwards against the force of gravity. Mechanical lifter devices are limited in height to a few hundred feet and therefore require large amounts of mass to store a significant amount of electrical energy. This results in a very high cost, making these devices expensive and uneconomical. In Pumped Hydro, water is pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to an upper elevation; the stored water is then released through turbines to convert the stored energy into electricity on demand. The efficiency losses of the integral storage cycle of such systems are typically in the range of 25% and the difficulties in permission, construction and operation make Pumped Hydrodifficult to implement. It may take more than a decade to build such a system.
    [006] Therefore, it is desirable to provide the storage of potential energy with the capacity in the power generation range of 100 to 2,000 MW with high efficiency and reduced requirements for installation and capital investment. SHORT DESCRIPTION
    [007] The achievements presented here provide a highly efficient utility scale energy storage system. Large masses are transported upwards to store energy and downwards to release energy. An electrified steel rail network transfers the masses between two storage elevations of different elevations through electrically powered transfer units that contain motor-generators combined in sets and operated by an automated control system. The exemplary embodiment incorporates a rail system that has upper and lower storage yards with interconnecting rails between the upper and lower yards and multiple control elements to configure the direction of the tracks in the system. The transfer units have an electric motor / generator interconnected to the support wheels and incorporate a support structure and an integral transfer mechanism for removably loading the masses. The motors / generators in the transfer units are interconnected to an electrical network. A control system in communication with the mains, transfer units and control elements of the rail system performs a first control sequence to store energy when the mains has an excess of energy and performs a second control sequence to supply power to the grid when additional energy is required. The first control sequence causes the selected transfer units to recover the masses located in the lower storage yard and, using the motor / generator as a motor that draws energy from the grid, impels the selected transfer units from the lower storage yard to the upper storage yard with the control elements configured to direct the transfer units that then unload the masses in the upper storage yard. The second control sequence causes the selected transfer units to recover the masses located in the upper storage yard and, using the motor / generator as a generator, supplies power to the grid by the regenerative braking of the selected transfer units in the upper storage yard to the lower storage yard with the control elements configured to direct the selected transfer units which then unload the masses in the lower storage yard.
    [008] In exemplary embodiments, the masses are stored in the upper and lower storage yards suspended on rails of the storage yard and each transfer unit is received under selected masses. The transfer mechanism incorporates a support element loaded by the structure in each transfer unit and received under the mass as stored to provide rolling under load.
    [009] In the exemplary achievements, a substation is connected to the grid to receive high voltage energy and an electrical distribution system beside the rail is connected to the substation with transformers connected to the electrical distribution system at selected intervals. The power supply rails connect to transformers with each power supply rail associated with a rail in the rail system. Each transfer unit includes contactors for connection to the power supply rails and a traction control unit (TCU). TCU incorporates rectifier / inverter circuits for power control connected to the motor / generator and a control board for the control of rectifier / inverter circuits for acceleration, deceleration and steady state operation of the motor / generator. A first rectifier / inverter on the utility side and a second rectifier / inverter on the motor / generator side are employed with the control board, controlling the reactive energy in the rectifier / inverter on the utility side for the voltage-amp-reactive adjustment ( VAR) to the power grid.
    [010] In certain embodiments, the inversion of bypass connectors responsive to a signal from the control board to selectively bypass rectifying inverter circuits with direct connection from the motor generator to transfer units on a selected connection rail power to the power rail of energy for synchronous operation after the acceleration / deceleration of the transfer units. The voltage adjustment in the system responsive to a utility signal for upward or downward regulation is carried out on each transfer unit with asynchronous operation.
    [Oil] The achievements presented allow a method to provide auxiliary services of the utility scale using the system of rails and transfer units connected to the electrical network. Upon receipt of a command for the auxiliary service, a selected set of transfer units is controlled so that the reactive energy, the acceleration and the deceleration interact with the electrical network in satisfying the auxiliary service command. If a command for auxiliary service is a VAR command, the transfer units, which have rectifier / inverter circuits to supply power to the motor generator, control the reactive energy in the rectifier / inverter circuits to adjust the VAR control to the mains. . If the auxiliary service command is an up / down regulation, at least one power rail on the connecting rails is selected for asynchronous operation and the motor and generator on the transfer units that traverse the selected power rail are controlled for the upward or downward regulation of the energy supplied to or stored in the grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [012] FIGURE IA is a perspective overview of an embodiment of the present energy storage system;
    [013] FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of operating sets with multiple transfer units and storage masses usable in an energy storage system as shown in FIGURE 1;
    [014] FIGURE 3 is a side view of a transfer unit of the first embodiment that has a coupled and raised mass for transport;
    [015] FIGURE 4 is a side view of the transfer unit of FIGURE 3 in the position to couple a mass for transportation;
    [016] FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of operating sets with a second exemplary embodiment of transfer units and storage masses;
    [017] FIGURE 6 is a side view of a transfer unit of the second embodiment with a mass in the transport position;
    [018] FIGURE 7A is an end view of the transfer unit of FIGURE 6;
    [019] FIGURE 7B is a partial perspective side view of the transfer unit and the components next to the transfer rail;
    [020] FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a transfer unit of the second embodiment with the mass in rotating transition for storage;
    [021] FIGURE 9 is an end view of a transfer of the second embodiment with the mass rotated for storage;
    [022] FIGURE 10A is a detailed isometric view of the rotating support system for handling the mass in transfer as defined in FIGURE 6;
    [023] FIGURE 10B is a cross section of an exemplary transmission for use with the transmission shafts;
    [024] FIGURE 11A is a pictorial view of an exemplary multiple-track energy and return arrangement employed in an embodiment of the energy storage system;
    [025] FIGURE 11B is an exemplary upper storage yard arrangement for the energy storage system;
    [026] FIGURE 11C is an exemplary lower storage yard arrangement;
    [027] FIGURE 11D is an exemplary arrangement for expanding the upper and lower supplementary storage yards;
    [028] FIGURE 12 is a schematic diagram of the energy at the side of the rail for an implementation of the system;
    [029] FIGURES 13A-D are a flowchart of an exemplary operational scenario for the presented achievements of the energy storage system;
    [030] FIGURE 14 is a schematic diagram of the energy of the transfer unit for an embodiment of the system;
    [031] FIGURE 15A is a flow chart of the operational characteristics for the transfer unit energy controller;
    [032] FIGURE 15B is a flow chart of the exemplary operations for the support of VAR by the system;
    [033] FIGURE 15C is a flow chart of the exemplary leveling operations for upward or downward regulation by the system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [034] Referring now to the drawings for describing various achievements in more detail, FIGURE 1 shows an achievement for the advanced rail energy storage (ARES) system that has an upper storage yard 10 , a lower storage yard 12 and connecting rails 14 and 16. Although simple power and return rails are shown in FIGURE 1, multiple rails can be employed, depending on the system requirements as will be described in more detail subsequently. Large masses 18 are transported between storage yards 10 and 12 by electrically powered assemblies 20 which are elements of multiple units that have one or more transfer units 22 on an electrified steel rail network 24 created by rails 14, 16, storing or releasing energy. The empty transfer units (designated as 22 ') are returned on the electrified steel rail network 24. The steel rail network incorporates multiple sets of connecting rails, allowing bidirectional movement of loaded and empty transfer units. During periods of storing or discharging a continuous flow, the electrically powered transfer unit assemblies transport masses between the storage yards. The steel rail network is connected to the local electricity network via wires 26 connected to an electrical substation 28 and distributed through the AC electrical distribution lines on the side of the rail and transformers 32 that provide power interconnection at intervals of approximately 1,060 'to the power supply rails or "third rails", as will be described in more detail subsequently, which incorporate a component of highly conductive material along its length such as aluminum or copper to prevent resistive loss during the transmission of electrical energy. The rail network may include the storage and repair elements 35 for the transfer units.
    [035] A selected number of transfer units 22 in each set 20 is electrically powered as electrified mules or spacers and is controlled by an automated control system 34 as will be described in more detail subsequently. Each electrified mule employs secondary car tricks, comparable to those in current use in diesel-electric locomotives, which use reversible electric generator motors as traction motors to transport pots from the lower storage yard to the upper storage yard and as generators for braking dynamics while transporting masses from the upper storage yard to the lower storage yard. In this order, the electric drive motors that drive the wheels are storing potential energy while lifting the masses upwards in the engine mode and delivering energy through generation in dynamic braking mode while lowering the masses downwards. For the exemplary embodiments described here, transfer units employ standard rail bogies such as three radial axle rail bogies produced by Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc., as described in US Patent Application Publication US 2010/0011984 Al, published on January 21, 2010, entitled Self-Steering Radial Railroad Trick. Each bogie has multiple wheels to attach to the steel rails of the ARES rail network and is of a conventional caliber for compatibility with common rail track lines.
    [036] The embodiments shown in FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 2 show transfer units 22 with rail bogies 36, each of which has multiple wheels 38 that slide over tracks 39 in the rail network. Each transfer unit incorporates a support structure, described in more detail subsequently, to transport the masses 18 that can be made of concrete (such as reinforced and / or post-tensioned concrete or heavy reinforced and / or post-tensioned concrete made from ore material such as taconite) or any other sufficiently rigid and strong material such as high-strength plastic, metal, wood, and others. The masses can be solids made from the base material, such as reinforced concrete, or hollow and filled with filler 42 such as dirt, rock, water, wet sand, wet gravel, wet basalt, iron ore or any other material sufficiently dense produced preferably during excavation on site. For an exemplary realization, each mass is a reinforced concrete container made of pre-cast, post-tensioned or reinforced concrete panels that have an external dimension of 17 'in height by 17' in width by 19.5 'in length. The side walls and the base of the pasta are 18 "thick, creating a total volume of 5,636 cubic feet. With a load of approximately 150 pounds per cubic foot and similar density of the container materials, the total weight for each pasta can be 424 tonnes, each mass can be equipped with a tube distributor to allow the included material to be liquefied by water or air injection allowing its fundamental contents to be easily removed and replaced in the event of the need to adjust the weight of the mass or the center of gravity or in the event of wetting of the storage medium is desirable to level the mass density.
    [037] Transfer units 22 are low in profile, so that they can roll below the filled masses that are stored in the upper and lower storage yards suspended on rails in the storage yard as will be described in more detail subsequently. As shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, a storage transfer mechanism for the first embodiment incorporates a lever base 50 mounted at a first end on a pedestal 52 that extends from a first rail trick 54 of the transfer unit 22 with a pin of pivot 56. A folding hinge 58 joins the base of the lever near a second end to a second rail 60 of the transfer unit. In the collapsed position of the lever base 50 shown in FIGURE 4, the transfer unit 22 can roll freely under the mass 18. The foldable hinge extension 58 with the hydraulic ram 61 to lift the lever base 50 as shown in FIGURE 3 lifts the masses out of their resting pillars 62 shown in FIGURES 3 and 4 or out of the integral leg supports 64 as shown in FIGURE 2. This operation is reversibly repeated in the upper and lower storage yards to load and unload the masses. For the shown embodiment, the lever base is arched in the shape to allow the first end to be moved away from the pin / pivot assembly in the lowered position. The pre-tensioning of the beam structure of the lever base with the associated straightening of the lever base due to the tension imposed by the lifting of the mass provides the arcuate shape required in the collapsed unloaded condition. A coupling pin 6 6 on the lever base is received in a coupling relief 68 on the mass 18 to secure the mass against movement on the lever base with the extension of the folding hinge.
    [038] For the realization of FIGURES 3 and 4, the pillars 62 are positioned to accommodate a support of four rectangular masses with each mass supported in a corner on an associated pillar. In alternative embodiments, K rails or similar vertical support elements can be employed, reducing alignment tolerance requirements. In the self-standing leg shown in FIGURE 2, the presence of the ground level support for the masses allows access to the rails 39 of the storage rails 65 in the storage yards for maintenance. Similarly, the use of K rails, movable support pillars or similar movable support structures allows access for maintenance.
    [039] With transfer units capable of rolling below the masses, it becomes possible to choose and deposit individual masses in sequence with precision in the storage yards. This allows the ARES system to park individual masses very close together in the storage yards, greatly reducing the length of the electrified rail system required for storage purposes. This characteristic also allows the individual masses to have a greater distance on board the electric transfer units, thereby allowing multiple railway tricks per moving mass; thereby creating the capacity for the total transport of heavier masses that require fewer storage rails. In this way, the energy storage density and the economic viability of the total system are greatly improved.
    [040] A second embodiment for the set employs transfer units and charged masses as shown in FIGURE 5. In this embodiment, each set 70 incorporates four transfer units 72. In this exemplary embodiment, two of the transfer units in the set are propelled mules , as will be described in more detail subsequently, and two transfer units are not propelled. The masses 74 are rectangular in the horizontal section, allowing a mass coverage area to be supported peripherally by the structure of the transfer unit as will be described in more detail subsequently. As shown in FIGURES 6 and 7A, each mass 74 is loaded longitudinally into the transfer unit 72 for transport within the rail network. Each transfer unit, for the shown embodiment, employs two railway beams with three radial axes 76 which carry a support structure 78. This allows an acceptable weight load of approximately 50 tons per axle. Each transfer unit incorporates a storage transfer mechanism described in more detail subsequently, which allows a mass 74 to be lifted and rotated to a lateral or transverse orientation as shown in FIGURE 8. When completely rotated as shown in FIGURE 9 , the mass is perpendicular to the storage rail 65 and is lowered by the transfer mechanism to be supported on the pillars or support rails 76. As described with respect to the previous embodiment, the mobile K rails used as support rails for mass storage allow unimpeded access to the storage yard rails for easy maintenance. K rails are normally used as traffic barriers. For the achievements shown, the sectioned K rails are approximately 6 'wide at their base and narrowing to 2' wide at the top. The top surface of each support rail is a layer of reinforced rubber padding. The support rails are attached to the side of the rail in the primary crushed stone ballast.
    [041] As with the first realization, the potential energy in an exemplary large-scale ARES system described above is stored at approximately 14,000 masses, each weighing approximately 240 tons, and each mass is a reinforced concrete container constructed of panels pre-cast, post-tensioned or reinforced concrete that have an external dimension of 13 'in height by 39' in width by 6.6 'in length (rail). The side walls and the base of the masses will be approximately 18 "thick, creating a total mass volume of 3,350 cubic feet. The volume of each mass will be filled with heavy rock such as basalt bedded in the sand, produced preferably during excavation in the location, and depending on the specific locations that this material mixture will provide a weight of approximately 143 pounds per cubic foot. The weight of the concrete container structure is also approximately 143 pounds per cubic foot. The masses are stored perpendicular to the rail tracks. storage on the mobile reinforced concrete support rails, which are parallel to the rails in the storage yard, minimizing space demands and facilitating quick loading into transfer units as described above.Each mass can be equipped with a tube distributor for allow the included material to be liquefied by water or air injection allowing its contents to melt entals are easily removed and replaced in the event of the need to adjust the weight of the dough or the center of gravity or in the event that wetting of the storage medium is desirable to level the dough. In an alternative embodiment, the masses are constructed of blocking layers of material allowing the removal or delivery by crane of the masses in the layers or sections. The highly rectangular aspect of these masses that allows their perpendicular storage on the storage rails greatly reduces the miles of storage rails required for an ARES system of a given capacity and when loaded and in motion, they provide a significant reduction in the polar moment of inertia of the transfer units, improving reliability and reducing wheel wear. The rectangular masses of the second realization can be dimensioned to conform to the dimensions of the AREMA (American Association of Railway Engineering and Rail Maintenance) for limited interchange service freight, allowing the transport by rail of empty mass containers for use in ARES facilities.
    [042] Returning to FIGURE 5 with additional reference to FIGURE 10A, each transfer unit 72 in a set of four transfer units 70 is equipped with a transfer mechanism that employs multiple hydraulic rams 80 driven by a servosolenoid, or another device conventional control, and powered by a hydraulic pump 82 on board the set. The hydraulic pump draws its energy from the third rail. The transfer mechanism also includes a hydraulic lift 86 that incorporates a rotating coupling table 87, on which the masses are supported, positioned in the middle of the transfer unit supported by the longitudinal structural elements 88 and the transverse structural elements 90 incorporated in the structure of support 78, sized as necessary to accommodate the weight of the masses and any conversion moments generated during operation.
    [043] When the set is positioned to collect a first mass, the elevator is activated and the coupling table is raised and the mass is lifted off the support rails to a height of clearance. The assembly then moves away from the stored masses until a second mass is positioned on the second transfer unit for collection. While the second mass is being raised, the table of the first mass and coupling is rotated by the hydraulic ram 80 until the mass is parallel to the rail. The mass is then lowered to the support structure 78 above the two rail bogies of the transfer unit. This operation is repeated for loading the masses into the third and fourth transfer units of the set. The assembly is then ready for dispatch on an energy track.
    [044] The unloading of the masses on arrival at the storage yard is performed by reversing the described process. The assembly enters the storage rail and an end mass is lifted and rotated from the longitudinal to the transverse position for placement with reduced space on the storage support K rails. While the assembly moves forward to place the first mass, the adjacent mass in the assembly is then raised, rotated, and then lowered in sequence on the support rails. This step is repeated for the third and fourth masses of the set, which then pass below the row of stored masses and are then released for the transition to the return track to the original storage yard.
    [045] FIGURE 11A shows details of an exemplary implementation of the initial rail sections of an energy and return rail system. The specific elements of each installation of the ARES system will vary with its intended storage and generation capacity, the difference between the upper and lower patios and the grade. An ARES installation with an elevation difference of 3,600 feet between the upper and lower storage yards and an average grade between the yards of 7.5% will be able to load or unload at 1,000 MW while providing 8,000 MWh of liquid energy storage. Such an exemplary realization could incorporate the following fixed elements.
    [046] Five parallel electrified main rails that consist of two energy rails 14a and 14b, two return rails 16a and 16b, and a waiting rail 17, can operate in either mode; each main track approximately 8.1 miles long connecting between an upper and lower storage yard. In alternative designs, additional power and return rails can be used to design the ARES system to match the power requirements. In an embodiment that employs four power rails and two return rails, the main rails provide a capacity for 203 or more assemblies to be in continuous operation by loading or unloading and returning. The operational speed of the assembly on a power rail is approximately 35 mph (miles per hour) with the power system on board for electrified transfer units in synchronous operation as will be described subsequently, but can be controlled at an alternative speed desired for the variation in energy input or output. The synchronous control speed allows direct connection of the traction motors / generators in the transfer units to the system next to the AC rail with significant savings in efficiency. The speed of the empty set on the return rail is a function of the total number of sets in the system; however, an approximate return speed should be 60 - 70 mph. In this configuration, approximately fourteen percent of the total length of the energy track is occupied by moving sets, which are spaced apart at approximately 1,300 feet in motion when four tracks are used for loading / unloading and two for return sets. The combined length of the six operating rails between the upper and lower storage yards is 48.6 miles. The standby rail can be replaced as a power rail or a return rail as needed to enable system maintenance and increase operational reliability. The power, return and standby rails are all fully capable of acting in one or the other capacity and can be replaced with each other, which allows rotation during the routine maintenance of the rails and even the distribution of wear and tear on the rails.
    [047] An upper storage yard 10 and a lower storage yard 12 are shown in FIGURES 11B and 11C, and for an exemplary embodiment each incorporates approximately sixteen mile storage rails. Each storage yard is approximately 1.7 miles long and 800 'wide; the extra length allows individual storage rails to be alternated in a trapezoidal coverage area, allowing exchange at the beginning and end of each rail. Multiple interconnect lines and switches are configured to allow a loaded set that proceeds out of a storage yard to be started on one of the main rails every 7.4 seconds with spacing between sets as indicated above. Multiple insulated power supply rails 84, as described above, provide AC power alongside the rail for the mule transfer units in the assemblies operating on the main rails, the waiting rail and the storage yard rails. These power supply rails are connected at appropriate intervals to a 2,300 V AC distribution system next to the rail that transmits energy into or out of the assemblies during operation in the storage yards and while generating or discharging onto the rails main. FIGURE 7A shows an exemplary configuration for the power supply rails 84 and associated contactors 89 mounted on the structure of the mules fed in the assembly. For the shown embodiment, a vertical support 91 is shown that loads the feed rails in a three-phase arrangement. In an alternative embodiment, power beside the rail is supplied inside and outside the transfer units via the 3 kV DC power supply rails with the appropriate conversion of AC power on board the transfer units.
    [048] Additional storage rails may be included as deemed appropriate to provide reserve sets with quick access to a storage yard for immediate distribution in the event of breakdowns. Additional pasta as deemed appropriate can be provided to be held in reserve. Reserve transfer units and reserve masses can be stored in the same reserve deviation (s). A spur track 93 (shown in FIGURE 11A) is included to provide access from the ARES facility to a common conveyor track line (to facilitate original construction, delivery of transfer units and maintenance and repair items). Transfer units are interchangeable between ARES facilities at different locations in order to economically accommodate peak regional storage demand periods. Standard gauge railroad tricks for transfer units allow transport over the commercial rail network to any desired location.
    [049] FIGURE 11D shows the supplementary upper and lower storage yards 10 'and 12' that are nested within the upper and lower yards 10 and 12. This configuration allows for the addition of a greater storage capacity while maintaining switch access easy access to the energy, return and waiting tracks on the railway system.
    [050] For the achievements shown, all rails in the installation of the ARES system, including the electrified storage yard rail with parallel power supply rails that provide continuous AC power to the transfer units. The rails are a standard heavy gauge hardened head rail (136 pounds / yard). The track is placed on a high capacity reinforced track bed with direct fixation of the track to the reinforced concrete struts spaced at intervals of approximately 620 ', for the example shown, to prevent the track from moving downwards. The track bed matrix comprises multiple layers of subballast, typically a primary rock ballast with a hot mixed asphalt sublayer. The storage yards contain multiple parallel storage rails, so that the provision of time for the dispatch of each mass is not limited by the time required for a single row of transfer units to be positioned and to couple their respective loads.
    [051] FIGURE 12 demonstrates a power system beside the rail for the present realization. As previously described with reference to FIGURE 1, a substation 28 connected to the high voltage power lines turns the available energy into 34.5 KV. The electrical distribution lines next to the rail 30 distribute or return energy along the tracks in the system represented as a power rail 14 and a return rail 16 in FIGURE 12. The fused disconnects 90 connect the electrical distribution lines to the transformers 32 for adjusting the voltage between the 34.5 KV voltage and the 2.300 V AC operating voltage. Circuit breakers 92 connect the three-phase power supply rails 84a or 84b associated with each rail to interconnect to the contactors on the electrified mules in the assemblies. For increased efficiency, energy derived from braking regeneration either on a power rail or a return rail is provided via a direct connection to interconnections 94 between the rail's power supply rails for use in power supply preferred over sets moving upwards, avoiding associated substations and transformers on site and transmission losses.
    [052] In broad realization, the present invention is a highly efficient and low-cost potential energy storage system. The rate of entry and exit can be varied considerably by controlling the speed and / or the quantity of the electrically powered transfer units in motion. Standard friction brakes can be used to park the electrically powered transfer units and stop them in the event of a failure.
    [053] A computer or computers housed in the automated control system 34 running SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition software will be used to control the operation of the energy storage system. Follow a description of the computer sensors, triggers and an example algorithm that can be used to control an ARES system as described for the example achievements. This is just an example of computer sensors, actuators and process, and the operation of the energy storage system is not limited to these computer sensors, actuators and process.
    [054] The ARES system operates in a predetermined manner depending on factors such as requirements for storing or releasing energy, the rate of energy being stored or released, the range of ancillary services that the system is providing to the network, conditions time, and still others. It uses sensors that include, but are not limited to, the position of the individual assembly, speed, acceleration, mass position, speed and sliding of the wheel, amperage traction of the electrical component, voltage of the electrical component, temperature of the electrical component, temperature of the mechanical component, position of the rail switch, and others. These sensors and communication components can be connected by cables or wired with various communication systems and protocols. The control system can use controllers that include, but are not limited to, friction brakes of individual assemblies, movement of rail switches, electrical and electronic switches, assembly lifter mechanisms, and others. These controllers can be electromechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic.
    [055] Location tags next to track 95 placed every 50 feet next to the main tracks, as shown in FIGURE 7B (attached as exemplifiers to the end pieces for the power supply rails), will signal to sensors 96 in the sets reporting the location and speed of each set. Using this information, the SCADA system will control the movement of all transfer units in motion. In storage yards, location tags will be located at a much closer spacing to help position the assemblies for mass collection. Location tags can also be placed on the masses themselves for final collection positioning. Differential GPS transponders 97 in the sets, as a backup for the location sensors / location tags, can also transmit all transfer unit positions to a real-time display in the control center. A differential GPS transmitter on site at or near an ARES facility will be employed to increase the accuracy of the transfer unit data received at the control center. The additional sensors in each set will monitor and control the rectifier / inverter function, the backup battery status, the motor-generator status, the lift mechanism function, the brake function, the rail condition, and the output of the hydraulic fluid under the control of the SCADA system. For an exemplary realization, a multiplex telemetry system operates through the tracks with the capacity to deliver unique commands to each set with a backup communication system directed to the location sensors.
    [056] The process of starting, operating and stopping the energy storage system can be a pre-planned set of steps that the components will follow. There may also be pre-planned steps to change the input or output power, removing one set from the repair process and others. Each step in the process can be performed by a single sensor or multiple sensors and / or actuators. Additionally, each set can be programmed to act as a member of an ad hoc mesh network system in which the set responds to the operational requirements being received from a control center in a pre-programmed manner in relation to its relative position. other sets and change settings. An example of the operational flow is shown in FIGURES 13A-D.
    [057] Excess network energy is detected in step 1302 and the ARES system is coupled to store energy. Using an example system with the second embodiment described and a fictitious set numbering, mass numbering and storage locations for reference purposes, set # 178 connects to the network and is moved to a position under the mass # 1584 at location 4L- 128 (lower yard storage position 128 of storage rail 4), step 1304. The assembly is loaded in step 1306; the transfer mechanism in the first transfer of the set # 178 is extended to couple the mass # 1584, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism in the second transfer is extended to couple the mass # 1585, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism in the third transfer is extended to couple the mass # 1586, the assembly is moved one position and the transfer mechanism in the fourth transfer is extended to couple the mass # 1587. Rail switch # L47 changes storage rail # 4 directly upward on a power rail selected in step 1308. This loading process is repeated sequentially. For example, assembly # 179 then moves to a position under mass # 1588 at location 4L-132 (pillar position of the lower patio 132 of rail 4), and so on.
    [058] Assembly # 178 proceeds along storage rail # 4 directly upwards and uses mains energy, step 1310. The on-board control speeds the assembly up to synchronous speed, step 1312, and then converts to synchronous operation direct, step 1314. The ARES system then monitors leveling (upward / downward regulation requirements of the utility or ISO), step 1316, and monitors the requirements of VAR, step 1318. The U21 rail switch changes directly upward to storage rail # 8 in the upper storage yard, step 1320. The on-board control converts from direct synchronous operation to decelerate the set from synchronous speed, step 1322. Set # 178 places mass # 1584 at location 8U- 275 (upper yard pillar position 275 of track 8), step 1324. The assembly then unloads the masses, step 1326; the transfer mechanism on the first transfer of the set # 178 is extended to unload the mass # 1584 at location 8U-275, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism on the second transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1585, the set a position is moved and the transfer mechanism in the third transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1586, the assembly is moved a position and the transfer mechanism in the fourth transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1587. A determination is then made as to whether to store # 178 in the upper yard or return to a lower yard for the transportation of the additional mass, step 1328. If returned, the U21 rail switch changes storage rail # 8 directly down in one selected return rail, step 1330, and set # 178 descends from track # 8 to the lower yard, step 1332. If stored, key U21 changes storage rail # 8 to the side of the upper storage yard, step 1333, and assembly # 178 transitions off rail # 8 to the side of the upper storage yard, step 1334. Depending on the requirements of the storage rail, the assembly can be stored in the position under the weights. The steps are repeated sequentially for additional storage masses until the energy storage requirements communicated by the utility or ISO are completed.
    [059] When an energy demand received from utility or ISO, step 1336, switch U21 connects the side of the upper storage yard to the upper storage rail # 8, and the joint # 178 connects to the network stage 1338, and is moved to a position under mass # 1587 at location 8U-275 (upper yard pillar location 275 on rail 8) and loaded, step 1340. To load the assembly, the transfer mechanism on the first transfer of assembly # 178 is extended to loading mass # 1587 into location 8U-275, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism on the second transfer is extended to load mass # 1586, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism on the third transfer is extended to load mass # 1585, the assembly is moved one position and the transfer mechanism on the fourth transfer is extended to load mass # 1584. Rail switch # U21 changes rail # 8 directly downwards, step 1344. Set # 178 proceeds along rail # 8 directly downwards and employs rail bogie generators for speed control to transfer the generated energy to the grid while reaches the lower yard, step 1346. This operation is repeated sequentially for additional sets. Set # 177 moves to a position under mass # 1583 at location 8U276, and so on.
    [060] The onboard control speeds up set # 178 to synchronous speed and then converts direct synchronous operation, step 1348. The system then monitors leveling (up / down regulation requirements), step 1350, and monitors the requirements VAR, step 1352. As the lower storage yard approaches, the L47 rail switch changes directly down to the lower storage rail # 4, step 1354. The on-board control converts from direct synchronous operation to decelerate the assembly to starting from the synchronous speed, step 1356. The set # 178 places the mass # 1587 in place 4L-128, step 1358. The set then unloads the masses, step 1360; the transfer mechanism on the first transfer of the set # 178 is extended to unload the mass # 1587 at location 4L-128, the set is moved one position and the transfer mechanism on the second transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1586, the set a position is moved and the transfer mechanism in the third transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1585, the assembly is moved a position and the transfer mechanism in the fourth transfer is extended to unload the mass # 1584. A determination is then made as to whether to store set # 178 in a lower yard or return to the upper yard for additional mass transport, step 1362. If returned, the U21 rail switch changes rail # 8 directly upward on a rail selected return path, step 1364, and assembly # 178 rises from rail # 8 to the upper storage yard, step 1366. If kept in the lower storage yard, the position of the assembly is maintained or the storage rail is changed to the side, step 1368, and the assembly is moved to the side, step 1370.
    [061] Returning to FIGURE 10A, two of the transfer units in each set, each with two three-axis radial rail bogies 76 forming a total of six axes 101, are powered by the buried permanent magnet synchronous generator motors CA 102 to generate sufficient traction effort to brake the assembly downhill. These synchronous motor generators replace the asynchronous motor generators currently used in the railway industry. The remaining transfer units are not powered by the traction drive shafts and are spaced alternately between the mules in a set to provide maximum adherence of the charged masses during loading and unloading. In alternative designs, the total number of energized shafts and / or transfer units can be varied depending on operational requirements.
    [062] The torque of the generator motors is transmitted to and from the transmission shafts through a mechanical gearbox 104 and the speed of the drive wheels is determined by the number of poles in the generator motor, by the fixed gear ratio of the gearbox and the propulsion frequency of a traction control unit (TCU) 106 provided for each mule as will be described in more detail subsequently.
    [063] As shown in FIGURE 10B, the operation of the assemblies synchronously with the distribution system next to the rail is enhanced by the use of transmission elements in gearbox 104. A dog clutch 105 that operates between trains of gears 107a and 107b allows the selection of a first synchronous speed for the operation of the energy track of the transfer units in a loaded set and a second synchronous speed for the operation of returning the set in an unloaded state.
    [064] The speed of the set is determined by the TCU which, in response to commands from the SCADA control center system, determines the frequency at which the synchronous motors / generators operate, and thus the speed of the transfer units in the set.
    [065] For the presented realization, each of the two transfer units that are energized as electrified mules in a set is moving in two pairs of railway tricks of a three-radial diesel-electric locomotive. This configuration allows six axles for each car and provides a loaded wheel load of 50,000 pounds (50 tons per axle). For an exemplary implementation of the described embodiments, each traction motor / regenerative generator for the described embodiment has a peak energy capacity of 1.25 MW coupled to the shaft with a reduction gearbox as previously described. At 35 miles per hour, at a 7.5% degree, each axis equipped with a motor / generator will generate a net output to the grid (after losses of system efficiency) of 0.74 MW of the potential energy of the masses charged by each set in motion. The peak energy requirement of the mule axis is based on the energy of the mass of the moving set at 35 mph (12.5 MW) divided by the number of axes energized per set (12) times a reserve energy of 20% for the acceleration / deceleration (1,2).
    [066] The net energy from the mule shaft to the network can be calculated as the energy of the charged set moving at 35 mph (12.5 MW) divided by the weight ratio between the mass and the divided set (1.26) the number of axes energized per set (12) times the loss of efficiency of the one-way system (89); being equal to 0.74 MW.
    [067] Each set in the exemplary realization, which is a two-mule train plus two non-energized transfer units that provides twelve energized axes, will generate a net energy of approximately 8.8 megawatts when synchronized directly on the network at a speed of 35 mph at a 7.5% degree. Variations in degree within a particular ARES installation are accommodated by dimensioning the motor / generator unit and / or gearbox on each axis to respond to the maximum output slope plus a reserve power component for acceleration or deceleration suitable for such an inclination. Slope variations in different ARES locations can be accommodated when there are more non-energized axes if the degree of peak is shallower or if the number of energized axes is increased if the slope is steeper. Alternatively, variations in slope at different ARES locations can be accommodated by changing the relationship between the mules and the non-energized transfer units in a set; or by a combination of the two means.
    [068] Using the case of an ARES installation of 1,000 MW at total nominal power, there will be 1,325 motors / generators mounted on axles on board 227 mules in 114 assemblies loaded with moving mass on the six energy tracks at any given time. The other 106 sets are returning to the loaded storage yard to collect their next load of pasta or else in the process of sequencing their load. With the discharged assembly returned to load on the return rails at approximately twice the loaded control speed (by changing the transmission gear ratio in the present embodiment to allow for synchronous return operation) on the energy rails greatly reduces the cost of system capital with minimal impact on efficiency.
    [069] Variations in degree in a given system can be accommodated by dimensioning the motors / generators to the energy requirement for the steepest section of the track and by reducing the number of motors / generators coupled to a given transfer unit or set of so that the energy requirement matches the potential energy of the rail grade at a given point. This allows each set to maintain a stipulated network synchronization speed without loss of direct synchronization. In fact, the strangulation of the sets by varying the number of their motors / generators in line to match the grade of the track rather than changing the frequency of control of their motors / generators.
    [070] To provide the operational characteristics required in the energized transfer units, an on-board power system is used as shown in FIGURE 14. The power system next to the rail (for the realizations shown is 2300 V AC three-phase) is connected to the electrified transfer unit or mule via the main circuit breakers spaced 92 to the power supply rails 84. The contactors 89 on the transfer unit connect to the traction control unit (TCU) 106. The main line contactors 107 controlled by the board control units 108, described in more detail subsequently, are interconnected to the power supply rail contactors with energy conditioning through an AC line filter 110 to a first active three-level rectifier / inverter on the utility side 112. For the shown achievements, a bipolar insulated gate transistor (IGBT) circuit is employed adopted. A second active three-level rectifier / inverter on the side of the generator 114 transfers the energy to (or from) the motors / generators 102. A bus preload circuit 116 is provided, also controlled by the control board. Current sensors 120a and 120b and voltage sensors 122a, 122b and 122c are employed by the control board for the detection and control of the power system side next to the inverter-rectifier rail, and current sensors 126a and 126b and voltage sensors 128a, 128b and 128c are employed by the control board for the detection and control of the motor / generator energy. The control board provides the acceleration, deceleration and leveling control of the motors / generators as will be described in more detail subsequently.
    [071] Reverse bypass contactors 130 are provided for the direct connection of the motor / generator to the power system next to the rail for synchronous operation at the predetermined control speed for the transfer unit. The acceleration of the transfer unit to the control speed is provided through the IGBT rectifier / inverter circuits at which time, without the leveling control requirements, the control board couples the appropriate reverse bypass contactors for synchronous operation. When required, the control board reconnects with the IBGT rectifier / inverter circuits, disconnecting the reverse bypass contactors, for the transfer unit deceleration or grid leveling requirements as will be described in more detail subsequently.
    [072] Control interconnection by SCADA software in the control center is performed with each transfer unit control board as described above. Operational control of the transfer unit is performed by the TCU 108 control board. The control board decouples the real energy from the reactive energy to the generator side rectifier / inverter and the utility side rectifier / inverter. Decoupling is performed by employing stationary to rotational transformations as is well known in the literature. In the rectifier / inverter on the generator side 114 (shown in FIGURE 14), the reactive energy is aligned with the geometric axis of the generator. In the utility side rectifier / inverter 112 (shown in FIGURE 14), the real energy geometric axis is aligned with the utility voltage, while the reactive energy component is 90 degrees out of phase with the utility voltage. The decoupling of real and reactive energy allows rates of acceleration and deceleration, and the energy rates of the transfer car to be controlled separately and independently of the reactive energy provided by the transfer unit. This is true even at zero speed and zero acceleration, where the actual energy is zero, but the reactive energy remains selectable and available for utility support.
    [073] As shown in detail in FIGURE 15A for the control of each of the rectifiers / inverters 112, 114, three phase voltages Va, Vb and Vc (scaled as required) of the voltage sensors 128a, 128b and 128c are received on a first phase converter 140 that provides two phase voltage outputs Vx and Vy. A phase angle calculator 142 provides the phase angle θ (calculated as θ = tan-1 (Vx / Vy)) to a first rotary stationary transformer 144 that provides the output of a real voltage component Vdf and a component of imaginary voltage Vqf. Similarly, three phase current values, ia, ib and ic are derived from current sensors 126a and 126b as input to a second converter 146 which provides two phase current outputs Ix and ly. A second phase angle calculator 148 provides the phase angle θ (calculated as θ = tan-1 (Ix / Iy)) to a second rotary stationary transformer 150 that provides the output of a real current component Id and a component imaginary current Iq. Based on acceleration / deceleration requirements or other system requirements as will be described in more detail subsequently, the SCADA control center provides an actual power command (designated as id *) that is received in a first adder 152 in a rectifier-inverter controller 154 that receives the id from the second stationary to rotary transformer 150. A reactive power command (referred to as iq *) is provided by SCADA to a second adder 156 in the rectifier / inverter controller that receives the iq from from the second stationary to rotary transformer. The added real energy component is supplied to a first compensator 158 and the added reactive energy component is supplied to a second compensator 160. The output of the first compensator is supplied to an adder 162 that receives Vdf from the first stationary to rotary transformer to provide an actual voltage command Vd * and the output of the second compensator is provided to an adder 164 that receives Vqf from the first stationary to rotary transformer to provide a reactive voltage command Vq *. Vd * and Vq * are provided as inputs to a vector modulator 166 that provides digital switching signals SA, SA reverse, SB, SB reverse and SC, SC reverse to the rectifiers / inverters for power control. The rectifier / inverter controller for utility side rectifier / inverter 112 receives real and reactive power commands from SCADA while the rectifier / inverter controller for generator side rectifier / inverter 114 has a reactive power command stipulated in zero.
    [074] In the currently disclosed achievements, the rectifiers / inverters are partially prorated based on the motor / generator requirements to allow the use of the combined IGBT reactive power control of all transfer units energized in the system to support reactive energy from voltage-amps (VAR) to utilities or independent system operators (ISOs) connected to the ARES system. At least one IGBT in each transfer unit is connected to the high voltage transmission system via electrical systems on board and beside the rail as shown and described with respect to FIGURES 12 and 14. The actual power commands (component P ) of the TCU control board provide the necessary acceleration and deceleration operations for the transfer units. The reactive energy (component Q) available in the rectifier / inverter IGBTs can be controlled for the reactive energy input / absorption of the high voltage system as described above. For all transfer units that do not produce any real energy (stopped waiting for loading or transit) all the energy capacity of the IGBTs at TCU is available for reactive energy. With the control, the reactive current (out of phase with the voltage input) directed through the rectifier / inverter IBGTs through the control board can be used to create a great influence on the voltage in the mains system. The voltage measurement and VAR command inputs can be derived from the voltage measurement of the mains control center at the desired locations geographically separated from the ARES system.
    [075] For the exemplary achievements, to allow the control of VAR even with 100% of the IGBTs in operation for the acceleration / deceleration or asynchronous operation of the selected transfer units, inverters of approximately 4% more capacity are employed, thereby allowing 25% availability of prorated energy to control reactive energy in response to VAR requests / requirements.
    [076] The VAR command can be generated in one of three practical ways. The first includes where the energy storage system simply commands a level of VAR. This can be varied or fixed, and is often set to zero to operate the system at the unit power factor. In the second approach, the VAR levels are controlled by an external operator, often the operator of the network transmission system. This operator will manually control different levels of VAR during the course of a day or seasonally as required. The third approach is to close a voltage regulation circuit where a stipulated voltage point is determined for the operating plant and this is compared against the actual operating voltage. The difference between these two levels creates an error signal that can then be used to command VARs. The SCADA system that operates in the automated control system as shown in FIGURE 14 incorporates this regulation capability for the described achievements. In this way, a common or individual command can be sent to a selected number of transfer unit rectifiers / inverters required to perform the required VAR adjustment.
    [077] The VAR command is processed by the transfer unit rectifier / inverter as shown in figure 15B. A VAR level command is received, step 1502, in the ARES control system of the mains control center. The SCADA determines the number of transfer units that are stationary, step 1504, and sends a command to the control boards on the transfer units to change the maximum reactive energy to the required total VAR, step 1506. The control boards on the units transfer rectifier / inverter controlled in these transfer units issue Iq * commands for total reactive energy, step 1508, to be produced by the inverter rectifier on the utility side. If an additional VAR is required in addition to that which can be provided by the stationary transfer units, step 1510, SCADA determines the actual energy levels in each transfer unit operating, step 1512, and controls the reactive energy, up to the total prorated energy of the rectifiers / inverters, as described above, for moving transfer units, step 1514, up to the total required VAR. The control board on each transfer unit controlled by SCADA sends Iq * commands up to the total prorated energy consistent with Id * commanded for the actual energy in the operation of the transfer unit, step 1516.
    [078] Similarly, although the greatest efficiency in the total ARES system can be obtained by the synchronous operation of the electrified transfer units in the energy rails, the upward or downward regulation of the network and the leveling of the energy being stored or generated they can be performed by operating transfer units selected asynchronously with the TCU, as described with respect to FIGURES 14 and 15A, driving or braking the generator-motor units to the specific desired energy. The dedication of one or more selected energy tracks, as required to use the provision of the amount of up / down regulation or leveling required, through the asynchronous operation of the assemblies on the selected track (s) allows the speed of all assemblies on a given track is controlled while maintaining the separation between the assemblies in motion and for the sequential disposition inside and outside the storage yards. Maintaining the remaining power tracks in a synchronous operating mode maintains the highest total efficiency for the remaining energized transfer units in the system.
    [079] During the system generation operation, rapid downward regulation requirements will require the initial additional braking of the assemblies on the selected energy rail, resulting in a power surge. To avoid placing this surge in the network, the power system next to the rail as shown in FIGURE 12 allows the energy to be absorbed by the SCADA command to the return transfer units to increase speed, thereby incurring greater use. of energy. The use of feedback sets to absorb any energy surge allows immediate downward regulation commands to be implemented without impact regardless of the operational status of the ARES system.
    [080] The operation for upward or downward regulation and leveling is shown in FIGURE 15C. When a regulation command is received, step 1550, from the utility grid control center or a contracting ISO, a determination is made as to whether a power rail is operating in the non-synchronized mode, step 1552. If not, SCADA orders the assemblies on a selected rail to switch to rectifier / inverter operation, step 1554. After the change, or if a power rail was already operating in non-synchronized mode, SCADA sends commands to the assemblies on the rail selected to accelerate or decelerate in a pre-programmed profile, step 1556, in which the variation in energy consumption is equal to the upward regulation or the controlled downward regulation. In a downward regulation request where the deceleration should then create a point in the energy consumption for that rail, the interconnection of the energy tracks as described above allows excess energy to be used to energize the sets of return transfer units on the return rail. The assemblies then resume a constant speed operation on the rectifier-inverter energy at the speed changed for the desired energy consumption. If insufficient up-regulation or down-regulation is achieved by converting a power rail to asynchronous operation, SCADA will drive the assemblies on a second power rail for conversion to rectifier / inverter power.
    [081] Leveling operations are performed within the ARES system to provide specific output or energy storage by adjusting one or more rails in asynchronous operation for specific energy consumption by the assemblies. Longer term leveling adjustments can be accommodated by varying the dispatch rate of the assemblies on a given energy track.
    [082] The present achievements as described provide energy storage and power capacity, as well as auxiliary services such as VAR, upward and downward regulation, in a single system.
    [083] While the above written description of the invention allows a person skilled in the art to make and use what is presently considered to be his best mode, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the realization, the method, and the specific examples presented here. The invention is not limited, therefore, by the realization, by the method, and by the examples described above, but by all the realizations and methods within the scope and character of the invention as claimed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    1. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, characterized by comprising: a rail system (24) that has upper and lower storage yards (10, 12) with interconnecting rail (14, 16) connecting the upper and lower yards and a plurality configuration control elements to guide the rails; a plurality of transfer units (22) supported by wheels and connected operatively to an electric motor and an electric generator (102), said transfer units (22) further have a support structure (78) and a transfer mechanism integral (80, 86, 87) to load masses (74) removably; an electrical interconnection between motors and generators (78) and a utility utility network (26); a control system (34) in communication with the utility utility network, the plurality of transfer units (22) and the rail system control elements (24) and said control system (34) to execute a first sequence responsive control for utility utility requirements (26) under excess power conditions to store energy and perform a second responsive control sequence for utility utility requirements (26) under additional power conditions needed to power the utility utility network, said first control sequence causes the selected transfer units (22) to recover the masses located in the lower storage yard and use the connected motor in an operational manner to propel the transfer units (22) selected among the lower storage yard and the upper storage yard, and said control elements are configured to direct the the selected transfer units (22), and cause the selected transfer units (22) to unload the masses in the upper storage yard to store energy, - said second control sequence causes the transfer units (22) selected recover the masses located in the upper storage yard and use the generously connected generator that supplies power to the utility grid (26) by the selective regenerative braking of the transfer units (22) selected between the upper storage yard and the yard lower storage to provide the required energy, and said control elements are configured to direct the selected transfer units (22), and cause the selected transfer units (22) to unload the masses in the lower storage yard; an input fee to store the excess energy and an output fee to supply the required energy varied by the control system (34), controlling the speed or number of electrically powered transfer units selected.
    [0002]
    2. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the masses (74) being stored in the upper and lower storage yards (10, 12) suspended on storage yard tracks (65) and each transfer unit is received under masses selected and the transfer mechanism comprises a support element (87) loaded by the structure in each transfer unit and received under the mass as stored.
    [0003]
    3. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized by the transfer mechanism lifting and rotating the dough from a suspended storage position.
    [0004]
    4. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the electrical interconnection comprising: a substation (28) connected to the utility electrical network (26) to receive high voltage energy; an electrical distribution system next to the rail (30) connected to the substation (28); a plurality of transformers (32) connected to the electrical distribution system at selected intervals; and a plurality of power supply tracks (84) connected to the transformers, each power supply track being associated with a track in the rail system (24).
    [0005]
    5. SYSTEM, according to claim 4, characterized in that each unit of the plurality of transfer units (22) additionally comprises: contactors (89) for connection to the power supply tracks (84); a traction control unit (TCU) (106) that includes rectifier / inverter circuits (112, 114) for power control connected to the engine / generator (102); a control board (108) for the control of the rectifier / inverter circuits for the acceleration, deceleration and constant operation of the motor / generator.
    [0006]
    6. SYSTEM, according to claim 5, characterized by the TCU additionally comprising: reverse bypass connectors (130) responsive to a signal from the control board to selectively bypass the rectifier / inverter circuits with direct connection of the generator-motor to the rail power supply for synchronous operation.
    [0007]
    7. SYSTEM, according to claim 4, characterized in that the rectifier / inverter circuits comprise a first rectifier / inverter on the utility side (112) and a second rectifier / inverter on the motor / generator side (114) and the control board it further comprises means (108) for controlling the reactive energy (154) in the rectifiers / inverters on the utility side for adjusting VAR to the mains.
    [0008]
    8. SYSTEM, according to claim 4, characterized in that the control system includes means (34) to signal the voltage adjustment in the system responsive to a signal of utility for the upward or downward regulation and the TCU in each unit of transfer is responsive to said control system adjustment signals (34) for asynchronous operation.
    [0009]
    9. SYSTEM, according to claim 8, characterized in that the interconnecting rail (14, 16) comprises a plurality of energy tracks (14a, 14b) and at least one return rail (16a), wherein at least one of the said plurality of energy tracks is selected for the asynchronous operation of transfer units (22) on at least one selected track responsive to the signaling of the voltage adjustment by the control system (34).
    [0010]
    10. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the integral transfer mechanism (80, 86, 87) comprises: a lever base mounted (50) on a first end on a pedestal (52) extending from a first rail trick (54) of each transfer unit with a pivot pin (56); a folding hinge (58) attached to the base of the lever near a second end to a second rail (60) of the transfer unit; wherein said hinge is movable from a first collapsed position of the lever base where the transfer unit can roll freely under a selected mass to a second extended position to raise the lever base where the mass is raised from a position of storage.
    [0011]
    11. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the integral transfer mechanism (80, 86, 87) comprising: multiple hydraulic rams (80); a hydraulic lift (86) incorporating a rotating coupling table (87) positioned in the middle of the transfer unit, wherein said lift is extendable from a first position to a second position to lift a mass from a storage position, in that said hydraulic rams (80) are movable from a first position to a second position to rotate the coupling table aligning the mass longitudinally with the transfer unit (22) and said elevator is retractable to the first position, wherein said the lift is also extendable from the first position to the second position with the mass on the coupling table, wherein said hydraulic rams (80) are movable from the second to the first position to orient the mass transverse to the transfer unit and said lift is retractable to the first position to lay the dough in a storage location.
    [0012]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a second plurality of non-energized transfer units (22 ') selectively coupled to the first plurality of transfer units forming sets (20) with energized and non-energized transfer units -energized.
    [0013]
    13. METHOD FOR STORING ENERGY ON A UTILITY SCALE, employing a rail system (24) that has upper and lower storage yards (10, 12) with an interconnect rail (14, 16) that connects the upper and lower yards. bottom and a plurality of control elements to configure the direction of the rails in the system; with a plurality of transfer units (22) having a support structure (78) and an integral transfer mechanism (80, 86, 87) for removably loading masses (74), each transfer unit operatively connected to an electric motor and an electric generator (102), characterized by comprising: the connection of the rail system (24) to a utility electrical network; upon receipt of a command from the utility grid for energy storage, control a set selected from the plurality of transfer units (22) for each load of a mass of a selected storage rail in the lower storage yard; connecting the storage rail to a power rail; propel the motor operationally for each transfer unit to lift the mass above the energy rail to the upper storage yard; controlling the selected set of transfer units (22) to unload the masses on a selected storage track in the upper storage yard; an entry fee for storing excess energy varied by controlling the speed or quantity of selected electrically powered transfer units; upon receipt of a utility utility command (26) for energy return, control of a selected set of transfer units (22) each of which to load a mass from a selected storage rail in the storage yard. superior storage; connecting the storage rail to a power rail; regenerative braking of the generator connected to each transfer unit to load the mass down from the energy track to the lower storage yard; an output rate to provide required power varied by controlling the speed or number of electrically powered transfer units selected; control of the transfer unit to unload the mass on a selected storage rail in the lower storage yard.
    [0014]
    14. METHOD according to claim 13, characterized by the connection of the system to an electrical network (26) including the provision of a power system next to the rail that includes power supply rails associated with the rails in the rail system (24), and wherein the provision of a plurality of transfer units (22) further comprises the provision of transfer units with rectifier / inverter circuits to supply power to the motor-generator and in which the motor / generator drive additionally comprises : the acceleration of the generator motor to a synchronous operational speed; the diversion of the rectifier / inverter circuits; the direct connection of the motor / generator to the supply rail for synchronous operation.
    [0015]
    15. METHOD according to claim 14, characterized by the provision of a rail system (24) including the provision of a plurality of intermediate energy tracks to the upper and lower storage yards (10, 12) and in which the drive the motor / generator additionally comprises: the selection of at least one energy track for asynchronous operation; and the control of the motor-generator in the transfer units (22) that cross at least one energy track for leveling and upward regulation or downward regulation of the energy supplied to or stored in the network.
    [0016]
    16. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises: the interconnection of the power supply rails on all rails in the system; the absorption of energy from the motors / generators for transient control during downward regulation while energy is supplied to the grid by compensating energy to the return transfer units through the interconnected power supply rails; and energizing the transfer units (22) in the motor mode of the return transfer units in the generation mode.
    [0017]
    17. METHOD according to claim 13, characterized by the provision of a plurality of transfer units (22) additionally comprising the provision of transfer units with rectifier / inverter circuits to supply energy to the motor-generator and which further comprises: control of reactive energy in the rectifier / inverter circuits to adjust the VAR control to the power grid.
    [0018]
    18. METHOD, according to claim 14, characterized by the synchronization being maintained by varying the axes selected to be energized responsive to the variation of the degree of the rail.
    [0019]
    19. METHOD FOR UTILITY-SCALE AUXILIARY SERVICES, characterized by comprising: the provision of a rail system (24) that has upper and lower storage yards (10, 12) with a plurality of interconnecting rails that connect the upper yards and lower and a plurality of control elements to configure the direction of the rails in the system; the provision of a plurality of transfer units (22) that have an electric motor / generator interconnected to support wheels and for loading masses; the connection of the rail system (24) to an electrical network; upon receipt of a command for the auxiliary service, control of a selected set of the plurality of transfer units (22) for reactive energy, acceleration and deceleration to interact with the power grid (26) in satisfying the command for the auxiliary service.
    [0020]
    20. METHOD, according to claim 19, characterized by the command for the auxiliary service to be a VAR command and in which the provision of a plurality of transfer units further comprises the provision of transfer units with rectifier / inverter circuits to supply power to the motor-generator and additionally includes: the control of reactive energy in the rectifier / inverter circuits to adjust the VAR control to the power grid.
    [0021]
    21. METHOD, according to claim 19, characterized by the command for the auxiliary service to be an up / down regulation command and additionally comprises: the selection of at least one energy track for asynchronous operation; and the control of a motor-generator in the transfer units that cross the at least one energy track for the upward or downward regulation of the energy supplied to or stored in the network.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2464553B1|2020-05-06|
    RU2529123C2|2014-09-27|
    CA2770318C|2017-08-29|
    ZA201201744B|2012-11-28|
    MX2012001750A|2012-07-03|
    US8593012B2|2013-11-26|
    IL218014A|2016-07-31|
    CA2770318A1|2011-02-17|
    EP2464553A4|2017-01-25|
    AU2010282738B2|2015-09-03|
    BR112012002886A2|2017-09-26|
    US20140042805A1|2014-02-13|
    CN102498023A|2012-06-13|
    JP2013501682A|2013-01-17|
    IL218014D0|2012-04-30|
    WO2011019624A1|2011-02-17|
    MA33570B1|2012-09-01|
    US20110037275A1|2011-02-17|
    AU2010282738A1|2012-03-15|
    EP2464553A1|2012-06-20|
    US8952563B2|2015-02-10|
    KR20120092569A|2012-08-21|
    RU2012107824A|2013-09-20|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-03-12| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.21 NA RPI NO 2536 DE 13/08/2019 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |
    2019-10-01| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/09/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US23305209P| true| 2009-08-11|2009-08-11|
    US61/233,052|2009-08-11|
    PCT/US2010/044819|WO2011019624A1|2009-08-11|2010-08-08|Utility scale electric energy storage system|
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